Options controlling Fortran dialect#
The following options control the details of the Fortran dialect accepted by the compiler:
- -ffree-form, -ffixed-form#
Specify the layout used by the source file. The free form layout was introduced in Fortran 90. Fixed form was traditionally used in older Fortran programs. When neither option is specified, the source form is determined by the file extension.
- -fall-intrinsics#
This option causes all intrinsic procedures (including the GNU-specific extensions) to be accepted. This can be useful with
-std=
to force standard-compliance but get access to the full range of intrinsics available with gfortran. As a consequence,-Wintrinsics-std
will be ignored and no user-defined procedure with the same name as any intrinsic will be called except when it is explicitly declaredEXTERNAL
.
- -fallow-argument-mismatch#
Some code contains calls to external procedures with mismatches between the calls and the procedure definition, or with mismatches between different calls. Such code is non-conforming, and will usually be flagged with an error. This options degrades the error to a warning, which can only be disabled by disabling all warnings via
-w
. Only a single occurrence per argument is flagged by this warning.-fallow-argument-mismatch
is implied by-std=legacy
.Using this option is strongly discouraged. It is possible to provide standard-conforming code which allows different types of arguments by using an explicit interface and
TYPE(*)
.
- -fallow-invalid-boz#
A BOZ literal constant can occur in a limited number of contexts in standard conforming Fortran. This option degrades an error condition to a warning, and allows a BOZ literal constant to appear where the Fortran standard would otherwise prohibit its use.
- -fd-lines-as-code, -fd-lines-as-comments#
Enable special treatment for lines beginning with
d
orD
in fixed form sources. If the-fd-lines-as-code
option is given they are treated as if the first column contained a blank. If the-fd-lines-as-comments
option is given, they are treated as comment lines.
- -fdec#
DEC compatibility mode. Enables extensions and other features that mimic the default behavior of older compilers (such as DEC). These features are non-standard and should be avoided at all costs. For details on GNU Fortran’s implementation of these extensions see the full documentation.
Other flags enabled by this switch are:
-fdollar-ok
-fcray-pointer
-fdec-char-conversions
-fdec-structure
-fdec-intrinsic-ints
-fdec-static
-fdec-math
-fdec-include
-fdec-blank-format-item
-fdec-format-defaults
If
-fd-lines-as-code
/-fd-lines-as-comments
are unset, then-fdec
also sets-fd-lines-as-comments
.
- -fdec-char-conversions#
Enable the use of character literals in assignments and
DATA
statements for non-character variables.
- -fdec-structure#
Enable DEC
STRUCTURE
andRECORD
as well asUNION
,MAP
, and dot (‘.’) as a member separator (in addition to ‘%’). This is provided for compatibility only; Fortran 90 derived types should be used instead where possible.
- -fdec-intrinsic-ints#
Enable B/I/J/K kind variants of existing integer functions (e.g. BIAND, IIAND, JIAND, etc…). For a complete list of intrinsics see the full documentation.
- -fdec-math#
Enable legacy math intrinsics such as COTAN and degree-valued trigonometric functions (e.g. TAND, ATAND, etc…) for compatability with older code.
- -fdec-static#
Enable DEC-style STATIC and AUTOMATIC attributes to explicitly specify the storage of variables and other objects.
- -fdec-include#
Enable parsing of INCLUDE as a statement in addition to parsing it as INCLUDE line. When parsed as INCLUDE statement, INCLUDE does not have to be on a single line and can use line continuations.
- -fdec-format-defaults#
Enable format specifiers F, G and I to be used without width specifiers, default widths will be used instead.
- -fdec-blank-format-item#
Enable a blank format item at the end of a format specification i.e. nothing following the final comma.
- -fdollar-ok#
Allow
$
as a valid non-first character in a symbol name. Symbols that start with$
are rejected since it is unclear which rules to apply to implicit typing as different vendors implement different rules. Using$
inIMPLICIT
statements is also rejected.
- -fbackslash#
Change the interpretation of backslashes in string literals from a single backslash character to ‘C-style’ escape characters. The following combinations are expanded
\a
,\b
,\f
,\n
,\r
,\t
,\v
,\\
, and\0
to the ASCII characters alert, backspace, form feed, newline, carriage return, horizontal tab, vertical tab, backslash, and NUL, respectively. Additionally,\x
nn
,\u
nnnn
and\U
nnnnnnnn
(where eachn
is a hexadecimal digit) are translated into the Unicode characters corresponding to the specified code points. All other combinations of a character preceded by are unexpanded.
- -fmodule-private#
Set the default accessibility of module entities to
PRIVATE
. Use-associated entities will not be accessible unless they are explicitly declared asPUBLIC
.
- -ffixed-line-length-n#
- -ffixed-line-length-none#
- -ffixed-line-length-0#
Set column after which characters are ignored in typical fixed-form lines in the source file, and, unless
-fno-pad-source
, through which spaces are assumed (as if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines.Popular values for
n
include 72 (the standard and the default), 80 (card image), and 132 (corresponding to ‘extended-source’ options in some popular compilers).n
may also benone
, meaning that the entire line is meaningful and that continued character constants never have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out the line.-ffixed-line-length-0
means the same thing as-ffixed-line-length-none
.
- -fno-pad-source#
By default fixed-form lines have spaces assumed (as if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines. This is not done either if
-ffixed-line-length-0
,-ffixed-line-length-none
or if-fno-pad-source
option is used. With any of those options continued character constants never have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out the line.
- -ffree-line-length-n#
- -ffree-line-length-none#
- -ffree-line-length-0#
Set column after which characters are ignored in typical free-form lines in the source file. The default value is 132.
n
may benone
, meaning that the entire line is meaningful.-ffree-line-length-0
means the same thing as-ffree-line-length-none
.
- -fmax-identifier-length=n#
Specify the maximum allowed identifier length. Typical values are 31 (Fortran 95) and 63 (Fortran 2003 and later).
- -fimplicit-none#
Specify that no implicit typing is allowed, unless overridden by explicit
IMPLICIT
statements. This is the equivalent of addingimplicit none
to the start of every procedure.
- -fcray-pointer#
Enable the Cray pointer extension, which provides C-like pointer functionality.
- -fopenacc#
Enable the OpenACC extensions. This includes OpenACC
!$acc
directives in free form andc$acc
,*$acc
and!$acc
directives in fixed form,!$
conditional compilation sentinels in free form andc$
,*$
and!$
sentinels in fixed form, and when linking arranges for the OpenACC runtime library to be linked in.
- -fopenmp#
Enable the OpenMP extensions. This includes OpenMP
!$omp
directives in free form andc$omp
,*$omp
and!$omp
directives in fixed form,!$
conditional compilation sentinels in free form andc$
,*$
and!$
sentinels in fixed form, and when linking arranges for the OpenMP runtime library to be linked in. The option-fopenmp
implies-frecursive
.
- -fno-range-check#
Disable range checking on results of simplification of constant expressions during compilation. For example, GNU Fortran will give an error at compile time when simplifying
a = 1. / 0
. With this option, no error will be given anda
will be assigned the value+Infinity
. If an expression evaluates to a value outside of the relevant range of [-HUGE()
:HUGE()
], then the expression will be replaced by-Inf
or+Inf
as appropriate. Similarly,DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/
will result in an integer overflow on most systems, but with-fno-range-check
the value will ‘wrap around’ andi
will be initialized to -1 instead.
- -fdefault-integer-8#
Set the default integer and logical types to an 8 byte wide type. This option also affects the kind of integer constants like
42
. Unlike-finteger-4-integer-8
, it does not promote variables with explicit kind declaration.
- -fdefault-real-8#
Set the default real type to an 8 byte wide type. This option also affects the kind of non-double real constants like
1.0
. This option promotes the default width ofDOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants like1.d0
to 16 bytes if possible. If-fdefault-double-8
is given along withfdefault-real-8
,DOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants are not promoted. Unlike-freal-4-real-8
,fdefault-real-8
does not promote variables with explicit kind declarations.
- -fdefault-real-10#
Set the default real type to an 10 byte wide type. This option also affects the kind of non-double real constants like
1.0
. This option promotes the default width ofDOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants like1.d0
to 16 bytes if possible. If-fdefault-double-8
is given along withfdefault-real-10
,DOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants are not promoted. Unlike-freal-4-real-10
,fdefault-real-10
does not promote variables with explicit kind declarations.
- -fdefault-real-16#
Set the default real type to an 16 byte wide type. This option also affects the kind of non-double real constants like
1.0
. This option promotes the default width ofDOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants like1.d0
to 16 bytes if possible. If-fdefault-double-8
is given along withfdefault-real-16
,DOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants are not promoted. Unlike-freal-4-real-16
,fdefault-real-16
does not promote variables with explicit kind declarations.
- -fdefault-double-8#
Set the
DOUBLE PRECISION
type and double real constants like1.d0
to an 8 byte wide type. Do nothing if this is already the default. This option prevents-fdefault-real-8
,-fdefault-real-10
, and-fdefault-real-16
, from promotingDOUBLE PRECISION
and double real constants like1.d0
to 16 bytes.
- -finteger-4-integer-8#
Promote all
INTEGER(KIND=4)
entities to anINTEGER(KIND=8)
entities. IfKIND=8
is unavailable, then an error will be issued. This option should be used with care and may not be suitable for your codes. Areas of possible concern include calls to external procedures, alignment inEQUIVALENCE
and/orCOMMON
, generic interfaces, BOZ literal constant conversion, and I/O. Inspection of the intermediate representation of the translated Fortran code, produced by-fdump-tree-original
, is suggested.
- -freal-4-real-8, -freal-4-real-10, -freal-4-real-16, -freal-8-real-4, -freal-8-real-10, -freal-8-real-16#
Promote all
REAL(KIND=M)
entities toREAL(KIND=N)
entities. IfREAL(KIND=N)
is unavailable, then an error will be issued. The-freal-4-
flags also affect the default real kind and the-freal-8-
flags also the double-precision real kind. All other real-kind types are unaffected by this option. The promotion is also applied to real literal constants of default and double-precision kind and a specified kind number of 4 or 8, respectively. However,-fdefault-real-8
,-fdefault-real-10
,-fdefault-real-10
, and-fdefault-double-8
take precedence for the default and double-precision real kinds, both for real literal constants and for declarations without a kind number. Note that forREAL(KIND=KIND(1.0))
the literal may get promoted and then the result may get promoted again. These options should be used with care and may not be suitable for your codes. Areas of possible concern include calls to external procedures, alignment inEQUIVALENCE
and/orCOMMON
, generic interfaces, BOZ literal constant conversion, and I/O and calls to intrinsic procedures when passing a value to thekind=
dummy argument. Inspection of the intermediate representation of the translated Fortran code, produced by-fdump-fortran-original
or-fdump-tree-original
, is suggested.
- -std=std#
Specify the standard to which the program is expected to conform, which may be one of
f95
,f2003
,f2008
,f2018
,gnu
, orlegacy
. The default value forstd
isgnu
, which specifies a superset of the latest Fortran standard that includes all of the extensions supported by GNU Fortran, although warnings will be given for obsolete extensions not recommended for use in new code. Thelegacy
value is equivalent but without the warnings for obsolete extensions, and may be useful for old non-standard programs. Thef95
,f2003
,f2008
, andf2018
values specify strict conformance to the Fortran 95, Fortran 2003, Fortran 2008 and Fortran 2018 standards, respectively; errors are given for all extensions beyond the relevant language standard, and warnings are given for the Fortran 77 features that are permitted but obsolescent in later standards. The deprecated option-std=f2008ts
acts as an alias for-std=f2018
. It is only present for backwards compatibility with earlier gfortran versions and should not be used any more.
- -ftest-forall-temp#
Enhance test coverage by forcing most forall assignments to use temporary.