.. role:: switch(samp) .. |rightarrow| unicode:: 0x2192 .. _GNAT_Utility_Programs: ********************* GNAT Utility Programs ********************* This chapter describes a number of utility programs: .. only:: PRO or GPL * :ref:`The_File_Cleanup_Utility_gnatclean` * :ref:`The_GNAT_Library_Browser_gnatls` * :ref:`The_Coding_Standard_Verifier_gnatcheck` * :ref:`The_GNAT_Pretty_Printer_gnatpp` * :ref:`The_Body_Stub_Generator_gnatstub` * :ref:`The_Backtrace_Symbolizer_gnatsymbolize` It also describes how several of these tools can be used in conjunction with project files: :ref:`Using_Project_Files_with_GNAT_Tools` .. only:: FSF * :ref:`The_File_Cleanup_Utility_gnatclean` * :ref:`The_GNAT_Library_Browser_gnatls` Other GNAT utilities are described elsewhere in this manual: * :ref:`Handling_Arbitrary_File_Naming_Conventions_with_gnatname` * :ref:`File_Name_Krunching_with_gnatkr` * :ref:`Renaming_Files_with_gnatchop` * :ref:`Preprocessing_with_gnatprep` .. _The_File_Cleanup_Utility_gnatclean: The File Cleanup Utility ``gnatclean`` ====================================== .. index:: File cleanup tool .. index:: gnatclean ``gnatclean`` is a tool that allows the deletion of files produced by the compiler, binder and linker, including ALI files, object files, tree files, expanded source files, library files, interface copy source files, binder generated files and executable files. .. _Running_gnatclean: Running ``gnatclean`` --------------------- The ``gnatclean`` command has the form: :: $ gnatclean switches names where ``names`` is a list of source file names. Suffixes :file:`.ads` and :file:`adb` may be omitted. If a project file is specified using switch :switch:`-P`, then ``names`` may be completely omitted. In normal mode, ``gnatclean`` delete the files produced by the compiler and, if switch :switch:`-c` is not specified, by the binder and the linker. In informative-only mode, specified by switch :switch:`-n`, the list of files that would have been deleted in normal mode is listed, but no file is actually deleted. .. _Switches_for_gnatclean: Switches for ``gnatclean`` -------------------------- ``gnatclean`` recognizes the following switches: .. index:: --version (gnatclean) :switch:`--version` Display copyright and version, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: --help (gnatclean) :switch:`--help` If :switch:`--version` was not used, display usage, then exit disregarding all other options. :switch:`--subdirs={subdir}` Actual object directory of each project file is the subdirectory subdir of the object directory specified or defaulted in the project file. :switch:`--unchecked-shared-lib-imports` By default, shared library projects are not allowed to import static library projects. When this switch is used on the command line, this restriction is relaxed. .. index:: -c (gnatclean) :switch:`-c` Only attempt to delete the files produced by the compiler, not those produced by the binder or the linker. The files that are not to be deleted are library files, interface copy files, binder generated files and executable files. .. index:: -D (gnatclean) :switch:`-D {dir}` Indicate that ALI and object files should normally be found in directory ``dir``. .. index:: -F (gnatclean) :switch:`-F` When using project files, if some errors or warnings are detected during parsing and verbose mode is not in effect (no use of switch -v), then error lines start with the full path name of the project file, rather than its simple file name. .. index:: -h (gnatclean) :switch:`-h` Output a message explaining the usage of ``gnatclean``. .. index:: -n (gnatclean) :switch:`-n` Informative-only mode. Do not delete any files. Output the list of the files that would have been deleted if this switch was not specified. .. index:: -P (gnatclean) :switch:`-P{project}` Use project file ``project``. Only one such switch can be used. When cleaning a project file, the files produced by the compilation of the immediate sources or inherited sources of the project files are to be deleted. This is not depending on the presence or not of executable names on the command line. .. index:: -q (gnatclean) :switch:`-q` Quiet output. If there are no errors, do not output anything, except in verbose mode (switch -v) or in informative-only mode (switch -n). .. index:: -r (gnatclean) :switch:`-r` When a project file is specified (using switch -P), clean all imported and extended project files, recursively. If this switch is not specified, only the files related to the main project file are to be deleted. This switch has no effect if no project file is specified. .. index:: -v (gnatclean) :switch:`-v` Verbose mode. .. index:: -vP (gnatclean) :switch:`-vP{x}` Indicates the verbosity of the parsing of GNAT project files. :ref:`Switches_Related_to_Project_Files`. .. index:: -X (gnatclean) :switch:`-X{name}={value}` Indicates that external variable ``name`` has the value ``value``. The Project Manager will use this value for occurrences of ``external(name)`` when parsing the project file. See :ref:`Switches_Related_to_Project_Files`. .. index:: -aO (gnatclean) :switch:`-aO{dir}` When searching for ALI and object files, look in directory ``dir``. .. index:: -I (gnatclean) :switch:`-I{dir}` Equivalent to :switch:`-aO{dir}`. .. index:: -I- (gnatclean) .. index:: Source files, suppressing search :switch:`-I-` Do not look for ALI or object files in the directory where ``gnatclean`` was invoked. .. _The_GNAT_Library_Browser_gnatls: The GNAT Library Browser ``gnatls`` =================================== .. index:: Library browser .. index:: ! gnatls ``gnatls`` is a tool that outputs information about compiled units. It gives the relationship between objects, unit names and source files. It can also be used to check the source dependencies of a unit as well as various characteristics. .. _Running_gnatls: Running ``gnatls`` ------------------ The ``gnatls`` command has the form :: $ gnatls switches object_or_ali_file The main argument is the list of object or :file:`ali` files (see :ref:`The_Ada_Library_Information_Files`) for which information is requested. In normal mode, without additional option, ``gnatls`` produces a four-column listing. Each line represents information for a specific object. The first column gives the full path of the object, the second column gives the name of the principal unit in this object, the third column gives the status of the source and the fourth column gives the full path of the source representing this unit. Here is a simple example of use: :: $ gnatls *.o ./demo1.o demo1 DIF demo1.adb ./demo2.o demo2 OK demo2.adb ./hello.o h1 OK hello.adb ./instr-child.o instr.child MOK instr-child.adb ./instr.o instr OK instr.adb ./tef.o tef DIF tef.adb ./text_io_example.o text_io_example OK text_io_example.adb ./tgef.o tgef DIF tgef.adb The first line can be interpreted as follows: the main unit which is contained in object file :file:`demo1.o` is demo1, whose main source is in :file:`demo1.adb`. Furthermore, the version of the source used for the compilation of demo1 has been modified (DIF). Each source file has a status qualifier which can be: *OK (unchanged)* The version of the source file used for the compilation of the specified unit corresponds exactly to the actual source file. *MOK (slightly modified)* The version of the source file used for the compilation of the specified unit differs from the actual source file but not enough to require recompilation. If you use gnatmake with the option :switch:`-m` (minimal recompilation), a file marked MOK will not be recompiled. *DIF (modified)* No version of the source found on the path corresponds to the source used to build this object. *??? (file not found)* No source file was found for this unit. *HID (hidden, unchanged version not first on PATH)* The version of the source that corresponds exactly to the source used for compilation has been found on the path but it is hidden by another version of the same source that has been modified. .. _Switches_for_gnatls: Switches for ``gnatls`` ----------------------- ``gnatls`` recognizes the following switches: .. index:: --version (gnatls) :switch:`--version` Display copyright and version, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: --help (gnatls) :switch:`--help` If :switch:`--version` was not used, display usage, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: -a (gnatls) :switch:`-a` Consider all units, including those of the predefined Ada library. Especially useful with :switch:`-d`. .. index:: -d (gnatls) :switch:`-d` List sources from which specified units depend on. .. index:: -h (gnatls) :switch:`-h` Output the list of options. .. index:: -o (gnatls) :switch:`-o` Only output information about object files. .. index:: -s (gnatls) :switch:`-s` Only output information about source files. .. index:: -u (gnatls) :switch:`-u` Only output information about compilation units. .. index:: -files (gnatls) :switch:`-files={file}` Take as arguments the files listed in text file ``file``. Text file ``file`` may contain empty lines that are ignored. Each nonempty line should contain the name of an existing file. Several such switches may be specified simultaneously. .. index:: -aO (gnatls) .. index:: -aI (gnatls) .. index:: -I (gnatls) .. index:: -I- (gnatls) :switch:`-aO{dir}`, :switch:`-aI{dir}`, :switch:`-I{dir}`, :switch:`-I-`, :switch:`-nostdinc` Source path manipulation. Same meaning as the equivalent ``gnatmake`` flags (:ref:`Switches_for_gnatmake`). .. index:: -aP (gnatls) :switch:`-aP{dir}` Add ``dir`` at the beginning of the project search dir. .. index:: --RTS (gnatls) :switch:`--RTS={rts-path}` Specifies the default location of the runtime library. Same meaning as the equivalent ``gnatmake`` flag (:ref:`Switches_for_gnatmake`). .. index:: -v (gnatls) :switch:`-v` Verbose mode. Output the complete source, object and project paths. Do not use the default column layout but instead use long format giving as much as information possible on each requested units, including special characteristics such as: * *Preelaborable*: The unit is preelaborable in the Ada sense. * *No_Elab_Code*: No elaboration code has been produced by the compiler for this unit. * *Pure*: The unit is pure in the Ada sense. * *Elaborate_Body*: The unit contains a pragma Elaborate_Body. * *Remote_Types*: The unit contains a pragma Remote_Types. * *Shared_Passive*: The unit contains a pragma Shared_Passive. * *Predefined*: This unit is part of the predefined environment and cannot be modified by the user. * *Remote_Call_Interface*: The unit contains a pragma Remote_Call_Interface. .. _Example_of_gnatls_Usage: Example of ``gnatls`` Usage --------------------------- Example of using the verbose switch. Note how the source and object paths are affected by the -I switch. :: $ gnatls -v -I.. demo1.o GNATLS 5.03w (20041123-34) Copyright 1997-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Source Search Path: ../ /home/comar/local/adainclude/ Object Search Path: ../ /home/comar/local/lib/gcc-lib/x86-linux/3.4.3/adalib/ Project Search Path: /home/comar/local/lib/gnat/ ./demo1.o Unit => Name => demo1 Kind => subprogram body Flags => No_Elab_Code Source => demo1.adb modified The following is an example of use of the dependency list. Note the use of the -s switch which gives a straight list of source files. This can be useful for building specialized scripts. :: $ gnatls -d demo2.o ./demo2.o demo2 OK demo2.adb OK gen_list.ads OK gen_list.adb OK instr.ads OK instr-child.ads $ gnatls -d -s -a demo1.o demo1.adb /home/comar/local/adainclude/ada.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/a-finali.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/a-filico.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/a-stream.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/a-tags.ads gen_list.ads gen_list.adb /home/comar/local/adainclude/gnat.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/g-io.ads instr.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/system.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-exctab.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-finimp.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-finroo.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-secsta.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-stalib.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-stoele.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-stratt.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-tasoli.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/s-unstyp.ads /home/comar/local/adainclude/unchconv.ads .. only:: PRO or GPL .. _The_Coding_Standard_Verifier_gnatcheck: The Coding Standard Verifier ``gnatcheck`` ========================================== .. index:: ! gnatcheck .. index:: ASIS The ``gnatcheck`` tool is an ASIS-based utility that checks coding standard compliance of Ada source files according to a given set of semantic rules. ``gnatcheck`` is a project-aware tool (see :ref:`Using_Project_Files_with_GNAT_Tools` for a description of the project-related switches). The project file package that can specify ``gnatcheck`` switches is named ``Check``. For full details, plese refer to :title:`GNATcheck Reference Manual`. .. only:: PRO or GPL .. _The_GNAT_Pretty_Printer_gnatpp: The GNAT Pretty Printer ``gnatpp`` ================================== .. index:: ! gnatpp .. index:: pretty printer The ``gnatpp`` tool is a utility for source reformatting / pretty printing. It takes an Ada source file as input and generates a reformatted version as output. You can specify various style directives via switches; e.g., identifier case conventions, rules of indentation, and comment layout. ``gnatpp`` is a project-aware tool (see :ref:`Using_Project_Files_with_GNAT_Tools` for a description of the project-related switches). The project file package that can specify ``gnatpp`` switches is named ``Pretty_Printer``. ``gnatpp`` cannot process sources that contain preprocessing directives. The ``gnatpp`` command has the form :: $ gnatpp [ switches ] filename where * ``switches`` is an optional sequence of switches defining such properties as the formatting rules, the source search path, and the destination for the output source file * ``filename`` is the name of the source file to reformat; wildcards or several file names on the same gnatpp command are allowed. The file name may contain path information; it does not have to follow the GNAT file naming rules Note that it is no longer necessary to specify the Ada language version; ``gnatpp`` can process Ada source code written in any version from Ada 83 onward without specifying any language version switch. .. _Switches_for_gnatpp: Switches for ``gnatpp`` ----------------------- The following subsections describe the various switches accepted by ``gnatpp``, organized by category. You specify a switch by supplying a name and generally also a value. In many cases the values for a switch with a given name are incompatible with each other (for example the switch that controls the casing of a reserved word may have exactly one value: upper case, lower case, or mixed case) and thus exactly one such switch can be in effect for an invocation of ``gnatpp``. If more than one is supplied, the last one is used. However, some values for the same switch are mutually compatible. You may supply several such switches to ``gnatpp``, but then each must be specified in full, with both the name and the value. Abbreviated forms (the name appearing once, followed by each value) are not permitted. .. _Alignment_Control: Alignment Control ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. index:: Alignment control in gnatpp Programs can be easier to read if certain constructs are vertically aligned. By default, alignment of the following constructs is set ON: * ``:`` in declarations, * ``:=`` in initializations in declarations, * ``:=`` in assignment statements, * ``=>`` in associations, and * ``at`` keywords in the component clauses in record representation clauses. In addition, ``in`` and ``out`` in parameter specifications are lined up. .. index:: --no-alignment (gnatpp) .. index:: --alignment (gnatpp) .. index:: --no-align-modes (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-alignment` Set alignment to OFF :switch:`--alignment` Set alignment to ON :switch:`--no-align-modes` Do not line up ``in`` and ``out`` in parameter specifications. .. _Casing_Control: Casing Control ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. index:: Casing control in gnatpp ``gnatpp`` allows you to specify the casing for reserved words, pragma names, attribute designators and identifiers. For identifiers you may define a general rule for name casing but also override this rule via a set of dictionary files. Three types of casing are supported: lower case, upper case, and mixed case. 'Mixed case' means that the first letter, and also each letter immediately following an underscore, are converted to their uppercase forms; all the other letters are converted to their lowercase forms. (Note: the casing switches are not yet fully supported in the libadalang-based version of gnatpp.) .. index:: --name-case-as-declared (gnatpp) :switch:`--name-case-as-declared` Name casing for defining occurrences are as they appear in the source file (this is the default) .. index:: --name-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--name-upper-case` Names are in upper case .. index:: --name-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--name-lower-case` Names are in lower case .. index:: --name-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--name-mixed-case` Names are in mixed case .. index:: --attribute-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--attribute-lower-case` Attribute designators are lower case .. index:: --attribute-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--attribute-upper-case` Attribute designators are upper case .. index:: --attribute-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--attribute-mixed-case` Attribute designators are mixed case (this is the default) .. index:: --keyword-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--keyword-lower-case` Keywords (technically, these are known in Ada as *reserved words*) are lower case (this is the default) .. index:: --keyword-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--keyword-upper-case` Keywords are upper case .. index:: --enum-case-as-declared (gnatpp) :switch:`--enum-case-as-declared` Enumeration literal casing for defining occurrences are as they appear in the source file. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --enum-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--enum-upper-case` Enumeration literals are in upper case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --enum-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--enum-lower-case` Enumeration literals are in lower case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --enum-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--enum-mixed-case` Enumeration literals are in mixed case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --type-case-as-declared (gnatpp) :switch:`--type-case-as-declared` Names introduced by type and subtype declarations are always cased as they appear in the declaration in the source file. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --type-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--type-upper-case` Names introduced by type and subtype declarations are always in upper case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --type-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--type-lower-case` Names introduced by type and subtype declarations are always in lower case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --type-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--type-mixed-case` Names introduced by type and subtype declarations are always in mixed case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --number-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--number-upper-case` Names introduced by number declarations are always in upper case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --number-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--number-lower-case` Names introduced by number declarations are always in lower case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --number-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--number-mixed-case` Names introduced by number declarations are always in mixed case. Overrides -n casing setting. .. index:: --pragma-lower-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--pragma-lower-case` Pragma names are lower case .. index:: --pragma-upper-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--pragma-upper-case` Pragma names are upper case .. index:: --pragma-mixed-case (gnatpp) :switch:`--pragma-mixed-case` Pragma names are mixed case (this is the default) .. index:: --syntax-only (gnatpp) :switch:`--syntax-only` Disable the semantic analysis (name resolution) done by libadalang. This means gnatpp will not be able to support any of the "as-declared" switches. .. index:: --dictionary (gnatpp) :switch:`--dictionary={file}` Use ``file`` as a *dictionary file* that defines the casing for a set of specified names, thereby overriding the effect on these names by any explicit or implicit -n switch. To supply more than one dictionary file, use several ``--dictionary`` switches. ``gnatpp`` implicitly uses a *default dictionary file* to define the casing for the Ada predefined names and the names declared in the GNAT libraries. .. index:: --dictionary=- (gnatpp) :switch:`--dictionary=-` Do not use the default dictionary file; instead, use the casing defined by a ``-n`` switch and any explicit dictionary file(s) The structure of a dictionary file, and details on the conventions used in the default dictionary file, are defined in :ref:`Name_Casing`. The :switch:`--dictionary=-` and :switch:`--dictionary={file}` switches are mutually compatible. This group of ``gnatpp`` switches controls the layout of comments and complex syntactic constructs. See :ref:`Formatting_Comments` for details on their effect. .. index:: -c (gnatpp) :switch:`--comments-unchanged` All comments remain unchanged. :switch:`--comments-gnat-indentation` GNAT-style comment line indentation. This is the default. :switch:`--comments-gnat-beginning` GNAT-style comment beginning. :switch:`--comments-fill` Fill comment blocks. The default is :switch:`--no-comments-fill`. :switch:`--comments-special` Keep unchanged special form comments. The default is :switch:`--no-comments-special`. .. index:: --comments-only (gnatpp) :switch:`--comments-only` Format just the comments. .. index:: --no-end-id (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-end-id` Do not insert the name of a unit after ``end``; leave whatever comes after ``end``, if anything, alone. .. index:: --no-separate-is (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-separate-is` Do not place the keyword ``is`` on a separate line in a subprogram body in case if the spec occupies more than one line. .. index:: --no-separate-return (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-separate-return` In :switch:`--no-compact` mode, if a subprogram spec does not fit on one line, try to place the ``return`` on the same line as the last formal parameter. .. index:: --separate-loop (gnatpp) :switch:`--separate-loop` Place the keyword ``loop`` in FOR and WHILE loop statements on a separate line. .. index:: --no-separate-then (gnatpp) :switch:`--separate-then` Place the keyword ``then`` in IF statements on a separate line. .. index:: --no-separate-loop (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-separate-loop` Do not place the keyword ``loop`` in FOR and WHILE loop statements on a separate line. This option is incompatible with the :switch:`--separate-loop` option. .. index:: --no-separate-then (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-separate-then` Do not place the keyword ``then`` in IF statements on a separate line. This option is incompatible with the :switch:`--separate-then` option. .. index:: --separate-loop-then (gnatpp) :switch:`--separate-loop-then` Equivalent to :switch:`--separate-loop` :switch:`--separate-then`. .. index:: --no-separate-loop-then (gnatpp) :switch:`--no-separate-loop-then` Equivalent to :switch:`--no-separate-loop` :switch:`--no-separate-then`. .. index:: --use-on-new-line (gnatpp) :switch:`--use-on-new-line` Start each USE clause in a context clause from a separate line. .. index:: --insert-blank-lines (gnatpp) :switch:`--insert-blank-lines` Insert blank lines where appropriate (between bodies and other large constructs). .. index:: --preserve-blank-lines (gnatpp) :switch:`--preserve-blank-lines` Preserve blank lines in the input. By default, gnatpp will squeeze multiple blank lines down to one. .. index:: --preserve-line-breaks (gnatpp) :switch:`--preserve-line-breaks` Preserve line breaks in the input, to the extent possible. By default, line breaks are also inserted at appropriate places. .. index:: --source-line-breaks (gnatpp) :switch:`--source-line-breaks` Keep the line breaks from the source; do not insert or delete any line breaks. .. index:: --spaces-only (gnatpp) :switch:`--spaces-only` Disable all formatting except for inserting and removing spaces. This implies --source-line-breaks. The ``--comments`` switches are compatible with one another, except that the ``--comments-unchanged`` switch disables all other comment formatting switches. .. _General_Text_Layout_Control: General Text Layout Control ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ These switches allow control over line length and indentation. .. index:: --max-line-length (gnatpp) :switch:`--max-line-length={nnn}` Maximum line length, ``nnn`` from 32...256, the default value is 79 .. index:: --indentation (gnatpp) :switch:`--indentation={nnn}` Indentation level, ``nnn`` from 1...9, the default value is 3 .. index:: --indent-continuation (gnatpp) :switch:`--indent-continuation={nnn}` Indentation level for continuation lines (relative to the line being continued), ``nnn`` from 1...9. The default value is one less than the (normal) indentation level, unless the indentation is set to 1 (in which case the default value for continuation line indentation is also 1) .. _Other_Formatting_Options: Other Formatting Options ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ These switches control other formatting not listed above. .. index:: --decimal-grouping (gnatpp) :switch:`--decimal-grouping={n}` Put underscores in decimal literals (numeric literals without a base) every ``n`` characters. If a literal already has one or more underscores, it is not modified. For example, with ``--decimal-grouping=3``, ``1000000`` will be changed to ``1_000_000``. .. index:: --based-grouping (gnatpp) :switch:`--based-grouping={n}` Same as ``--decimal-grouping``, but for based literals. For example, with ``--based-grouping=4``, ``16#0001FFFE#`` will be changed to ``16#0001_FFFE#``. .. index:: --split-line-before-record (gnatpp) :switch:`--split-line-before-record` Split the line just before ``record`` in a record type declaration. .. index:: --indent-named-statements (gnatpp) :switch:`--indent-named-statements` Named block and loop statements are indented with respect to the name. .. index:: --split-line-before-op (gnatpp) :switch:`--split-line-before-op` If it is necessary to split a line at a binary operator, by default the line is split after the operator. With this option, it is split before the operator. .. index:: --RM-style-spacing (gnatpp) :switch:`--RM-style-spacing` Do not insert an extra blank before various occurrences of '(' and ':'. Alignment is off by default in this mode; use :switch:`--alignment` to turn it on. .. index:: --compact (gnatpp) .. index:: --no-compact (gnatpp) :switch:`--compact` This is the default. In calls and similar, this packs as many subexpressions on the same line as possible. Example: .. code-block:: ada Some_Procedure (Short_One, Another_Short_One, A_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Long_One); :switch:`--no-compact` Turns off --compact mode. In calls and similar, if it is necessary to split a line between two subexpressions (because otherwise the construct would exceed --max-line-length), then all such subexpressions are placed on separate lines. Example: .. code-block:: ada Some_Procedure (Short_One, Another_Short_One, A_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Very_Long_One); .. index:: --call-threshold (gnatpp) :switch:`--call-threshold={nnn}` If the number of parameter associations is greater than ``nnn`` and if at least one association uses named notation, start each association from a new line. If ``nnn`` is 0, no check for the number of associations is made; this is the default. .. index:: --par-threshold (gnatpp) :switch:`--par-threshold={nnn}` If the number of parameter specifications is greater than ``nnn`` (or equal to ``nnn`` in case of a function), start each specification from a new line. If ``nnn`` is 0, and :switch:`--no-separate-is` was not specified, then the ``is`` is placed on a separate line. This feature is disabled by default. .. index:: --vertical-enum-types (gnatpp) :switch:`--vertical-enum-types` Format enumeration type declarations "vertically", e.g. each enumeration literal goes on a separate line. .. index:: --vertical-array-types (gnatpp) :switch:`--vertical-array-types` Format array type declarations "vertically", e.g. for multidimensional arrays, each index_subtype_definition or discrete_subtype_definition goes on a separate line. .. index:: --vertical-named-aggregates (gnatpp) :switch:`--vertical-named-aggregates` Format aggregates "vertically" if named notation is used for all component_associations, e.g. each component_association goes on a separate line. .. index:: --vertical-case-alternatives (gnatpp) :switch:`--vertical-case-alternatives` Format case statements, case expressions, and variant parts with additional line breaks. .. _Setting_the_Source_Search_Path: Setting the Source Search Path ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ To define the search path for the input source file, ``gnatpp`` uses the same switches as the GNAT compiler, with the same effects: .. index:: -I (gnatpp) :switch:`-I{dir}` .. index:: -I- (gnatpp) :switch:`-I-` .. index:: -gnatec (gnatpp) :switch:`-gnatec={path}` .. _Output_File_Control-gnatpp: Output File Control ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ By default the output overwrites the input file. The output may be redirected by the following switches: .. index:: --replace (gnatpp) :switch:`--replace` This is the default. Replace the input source file with the reformatted output without creating any backup copy of the input source. .. index:: --output-dir (gnatpp) :switch:`--output-dir={dir}` Generate output file in directory :file:`dir` with the same name as the input file. If :file:`dir` is the same as the directory containing the input file, the input file is not processed; use ``--replace`` if you want to update the input file in place. .. index:: --pipe (gnatpp) :switch:`--pipe` Send the output to ``Standard_Output`` .. index:: --output (gnatpp) :switch:`--output={output_file}` Write the output into ``output_file``. If ``output_file`` already exists, ``gnatpp`` terminates without reading or processing the input file. .. index:: --output-force (gnatpp) :switch:`--output-force={output_file}` Write the output into ``output_file``, overwriting the existing file (if one is present). .. index:: --replace-backup (gnatpp) :switch:`--replace-backup` Replace the input source file with the reformatted output, and copy the original input source into the file whose name is obtained by appending the :file:`.npp` suffix to the name of the input file. If a file with this name already exists, ``gnatpp`` terminates without reading or processing the input file. .. index:: --replace-force-backup (gnatpp) :switch:`--replace-force-backup` Like ``--replace-backup`` except that if the file with the specified name already exists, it is overwritten. .. index:: --eol (gnatpp) :switch:`--eol={xxx}` Specifies the line-ending style of the reformatted output file. The ``xxx`` string specified with the switch may be: * *dos* - MS DOS style, lines end with CR LF characters* * *crlf* - the same as *dos* * *unix* - UNIX style, lines end with LF character* * *lf* - the same as *unix* The default is to use the same end-of-line convention as the input. .. index:: --wide-character-encoding (gnatpp) :switch:`--wide-character-encoding={e}` Specify the wide character encoding method for the input and output files. ``e`` is one of the following: * *8* - UTF-8 encoding * *b* - Brackets encoding (default value) Options ``--output-file`` and ``--output-force`` are allowed only if the call to gnatpp contains only one file to reformat. Option ``--eol`` and ``--wide-character-encoding`` cannot be used together with the ``--pipe`` option. .. _Other_gnatpp_Switches: Other ``gnatpp`` Switches ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The additional ``gnatpp`` switches are defined in this subsection. .. index:: --version (gnatpp) :switch:`--version` Display copyright and version, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: --help (gnatpp) :switch:`--help` Display usage, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: -P (gnatpp) :switch:`-P {file}` Indicates the name of the project file that describes the set of sources to be processed. The exact set of argument sources depends on other options specified; see below. .. index:: -U (gnatpp) :switch:`-U` If a project file is specified and no argument source is explicitly specified (either directly or by means of ``--files`` option), process all the units of the closure of the argument project. Otherwise this option has no effect. :switch:`-U {main_unit}` If a project file is specified and no argument source is explicitly specified (either directly or by means of ``--files`` option), process the closure of units rooted at ``main_unit``. Otherwise this option has no effect. .. index:: -X (gnatpp) :switch:`-X{name}={value}` Indicates that external variable ``name`` in the argument project has the value ``value``. Has no effect if no project is specified. .. index:: --RTS (gnatpp) :switch:`--RTS={rts-path}` Specifies the default location of the runtime library. Same meaning as the equivalent ``gnatmake`` flag (:ref:`Switches_for_gnatmake`). .. index:: --incremental (gnatpp) :switch:`--incremental` Incremental processing on a per-file basis. Source files are only processed if they have been modified, or if files they depend on have been modified. This is similar to the way gnatmake/gprbuild only compiles files that need to be recompiled. A project file is required in this mode, and the gnat driver (as in *gnat pretty*) is not supported. (Note: this switch is not yet supported in the libadalang-based version of gnatpp.) .. index:: --pp-off (gnatpp) :switch:`--pp-off={xxx}` Use :switch:`--xxx` as the command to turn off pretty printing, instead of the default ``--!pp off``. .. index:: --pp-on (gnatpp) :switch:`--pp-on={xxx}` Use :switch:`--xxx` as the command to turn pretty printing back on, instead of the default ``--!pp on``. .. index:: --files (gnatpp) :switch:`--files={filename}` Take as arguments the files listed in text file ``file``. Text file ``file`` may contain empty lines that are ignored. Each nonempty line should contain the name of an existing file. Several such switches may be specified simultaneously. .. index:: --ignore (gnatpp) :switch:`--ignore={filename}` Do not process the sources listed in a specified file. This option cannot be used in incremental mode. .. index:: --jobs (gnatpp) :switch:`--jobs={n}` With ``--incremental``, use *n* ``gnatpp`` processes to perform pretty printing in parallel. If *n* is 0, then the maximum number processes is the number of core processors on the platform. .. index:: --verbose (gnatpp) :switch:`--verbose` Verbose mode .. index:: --quiet (gnatpp) :switch:`--quiet` Quiet mode If a project file is specified and no argument source is explicitly specified (either directly or by means of ``--files`` option), and no ``-U`` is specified, then the set of processed sources is all the immediate units of the argument project. .. _Formatting_Rules: Formatting Rules ---------------- The following subsections show how ``gnatpp`` treats white space, comments, program layout, and name casing. They provide detailed descriptions of the switches shown above. .. _Disabling_Pretty_Printing: Disabling Pretty Printing ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Pretty printing is highly heuristic in nature, and sometimes doesn't do exactly what you want. If you wish to format a certain region of code by hand, you can turn off pretty printing in that region by surrounding it with special comments that start with ``--!pp off`` and ``--!pp on``. The text in that region will then be reproduced verbatim in the output with no formatting. To disable pretty printing for the whole file, put ``--!pp off`` at the top, with no following ``--!pp on``. The comments must appear on a line by themselves, with nothing preceding except spaces. The initial text of the comment must be exactly ``--!pp off`` or ``--!pp on`` (case sensitive), but may be followed by arbitrary additional text. For example: .. code-block:: ada package Interrupts is --!pp off -- turn off pretty printing so "Interrupt_Kind" lines up type Interrupt_Kind is (Asynchronous_Interrupt_Kind, Synchronous_Interrupt_Kind, Green_Interrupt_Kind); --!pp on -- reenable pretty printing ... You can specify different comment strings using the ``--pp-off`` and ``--pp-on`` switches. For example, if you say: :: $ gnatpp --pp-off=' pp-' *.ad? then gnatpp will recognize comments of the form ``-- pp-`` instead of ``--!pp off`` for disabling pretty printing. Note that the leading ``--`` of the comment is not included in the argument to these switches. .. _White_Space_and_Empty_Lines: White Space and Empty Lines ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ``gnatpp`` does not have an option to control space characters. It will add or remove spaces according to the style illustrated by the examples in the :title:`Ada Reference Manual`. The output file will contain no lines with trailing white space. By default, a sequence of one or more blank lines in the input is converted to a single blank line in the output; multiple blank lines are squeezed down to one. The ``--preserve-blank-lines`` option turns off the squeezing; each blank line in the input is copied to the output. The ``--insert-blank-lines`` option causes additional blank lines to be inserted if not already present in the input (e.g. between bodies). .. _Formatting_Comments: Formatting Comments ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Comments in Ada code are of two kinds: * a *whole-line comment*, which appears by itself (possibly preceded by white space) on a line * an *end-of-line comment*, which follows some other Ada code on the same line. A whole-line comment is indented according to the surrounding code, with some exceptions. Comments that start in column 1 are kept there. If possible, comments are not moved so far to the right that the maximum line length is exceeded. The ``--comments-unchanged`` option turns off comment formatting. Special-form comments such as SPARK-style ``--#...`` are left alone. For an end-of-line comment, ``gnatpp`` tries to leave the same number of spaces between the end of the preceding Ada code and the beginning of the comment as appear in the original source. The ``--comments-gnat-beginning`` switch (GNAT style comment beginning) has the following effect: * For each whole-line comment that does not end with two hyphens, ``gnatpp`` inserts spaces if necessary after the starting two hyphens to ensure that there are at least two spaces between these hyphens and the first non-blank character of the comment. The ``--comments-fill`` switch specifies that whole-line comments that form a paragraph will be filled in typical word processor style (that is, moving words between lines to make the lines other than the last similar in length ). The ``--comments-only`` switch specifies that only the comments are formatted; the rest of the program text is left alone. The comments are formatted according to the ``--comments-gnat-beginning`` and ``--comments-fill`` switches; other formatting switches are ignored. For example, ``--comments-only --comments-fill`` means to fill comment paragraphs, and do nothing else. Likewise, ``--comments-only --comments-gnat-beginning`` ensures comments start with at least two spaces after ``--``, and ``--comments-only --comments-gnat-beginning --comments-fill`` does both. If ``--comments-only`` is given without ``--comments-gnat-beginning`` or ``--comments-fill``, then gnatpp doesn't format anything. .. _Name_Casing: Name Casing ^^^^^^^^^^^ ``gnatpp`` always converts the usage occurrence of a (simple) name to the same casing as the corresponding defining identifier. You control the casing for defining occurrences via the ``--name...`` switches. With ``--name-case-as-declared``, which is the default, defining occurrences appear exactly as in the source file where they are declared. The other values for this switch -- ``--name-upper-case``, ``--name-lower-case``, ``--name-mixed-case`` -- result in upper, lower, or mixed case, respectively. If ``gnatpp`` changes the casing of a defining occurrence, it analogously changes the casing of all the usage occurrences of this name. If the defining occurrence of a name is not in the source compilation unit currently being processed by ``gnatpp``, the casing of each reference to this name is changed according to the switch (subject to the dictionary file mechanism described below). Thus ``gnatpp`` acts as though the switch had affected the casing for the defining occurrence of the name. The options :switch:`--attribute...`, :switch:`--keyword...`, :switch:`--enum...`, :switch:`--type...`, :switch:`--number...`, and :switch:`--pragma...` allow finer-grained control over casing for attributes, keywords, enumeration literals, types, named numbers and pragmas, respectively. :switch:`--type...` cover subtypes as well. Some names may need to be spelled with casing conventions that are not covered by the upper-, lower-, and mixed-case transformations. You can arrange correct casing by placing such names in a *dictionary file*, and then supplying a ``--dictionary`` switch. The casing of names from dictionary files overrides any ``--name...`` switch. To handle the casing of Ada predefined names and the names from GNAT libraries, ``gnatpp`` assumes a default dictionary file. The name of each predefined entity is spelled with the same casing as is used for the entity in the :title:`Ada Reference Manual` (usually mixed case). The name of each entity in the GNAT libraries is spelled with the same casing as is used in the declaration of that entity. The ``--dictionary=-`` switch suppresses the use of the default dictionary file. Instead, the casing for predefined and GNAT-defined names will be established by the ``-n`` switch or explicit dictionary files. For example, by default the names ``Ada.Text_IO`` and ``GNAT.OS_Lib`` will appear as just shown, even in the presence of a ``--name-upper-case`` switch. To ensure that even such names are rendered in uppercase, additionally supply the --dictionary=- switch (or else place these names in upper case in a dictionary file). A dictionary file is a plain text file; each line in this file can be either a blank line (containing only space characters), an Ada comment line, or the specification of exactly one *casing schema*. A casing schema is a string that has the following syntax: :: casing_schema ::= identifier | simple_identifier simple_identifier ::= letter{letter_or_digit} (See :title:`Ada Reference Manual`, Section 2.3) for the definition of the ``identifier`` lexical element and the ``letter_or_digit`` category.) The casing schema string can be followed by white space and/or an Ada-style comment; any amount of white space is allowed before the string. If a dictionary file is passed as the value of a :switch:`--dictionary={file}` switch then for every simple name and every identifier, ``gnatpp`` checks if the dictionary defines the casing for the name or for some of its parts (the term 'subword' is used below to denote the part of a name which is delimited by '_' or by the beginning or end of the word and which does not contain any '_' inside): * if the whole name is in the dictionary, ``gnatpp`` uses for this name the casing defined by the dictionary; no subwords are checked for this word * for every subword ``gnatpp`` checks if the dictionary contains the corresponding string of the form ``simple_identifier``, and if it does, the casing of this ``simple_identifier`` is used for this subword * if the whole name does not contain any '_' inside, and if for this name the dictionary contains two entries -- one of the form ``identifier``, and another of the form ``simple_identifier`` -- then the first one is applied to define the casing of this name * if more than one dictionary file is passed as ``gnatpp`` switches, each dictionary adds new casing exceptions and overrides all the existing casing exceptions set by the previous dictionaries * when ``gnatpp`` checks if the word or subword is in the dictionary, this check is not case sensitive For example, suppose we have the following source to reformat: .. code-block:: ada procedure test is name1 : integer := 1; name4_name3_name2 : integer := 2; name2_name3_name4 : Boolean; name1_var : Float; begin name2_name3_name4 := name4_name3_name2 > name1; end; And suppose we have two dictionaries: :: *dict1:* NAME1 *NaMe3* *Name1* *dict2:* *NAME3* If ``gnatpp`` is called with the following switches: :: $ gnatpp --name-mixed-case --dictionary=dict1 --dictionary=dict2 test.adb then we will get the following name casing in the ``gnatpp`` output: .. code-block:: ada procedure Test is NAME1 : Integer := 1; Name4_NAME3_Name2 : Integer := 2; Name2_NAME3_Name4 : Boolean; Name1_Var : Float; begin Name2_NAME3_Name4 := Name4_NAME3_Name2 > NAME1; end Test; .. _Preprocessor_directives: Preprocessor Directives ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ``gnatpp`` has some support for preprocessor directives. You can use preprocessor symbols, as in ``$symbol``. In addition, you can use conditional compilation, so long as the program text is syntactically legal Ada code after removing all the preprocessor directives (lines starting with ``#``). For example, ``gnatpp`` can format the following: .. code-block:: ada package P is #IF SOMETHING X : constant Integer := 123; #ELSE X : constant Integer := 456; #END IF; end P; which will be formatted as if it were: .. code-block:: ada package P is X : constant Integer := 123; X : constant Integer := 456; end P; except that the ``#`` lines will be preserved. However, ``gnatpp`` cannot format the following: .. code-block:: ada procedure P is begin #IF SOMETHING if X = 0 then #ELSE if X = 1 then #END IF; null; end if; end P; because removing the ``#`` lines gives: .. code-block:: ada procedure P is begin if X = 0 then if X = 1 then null; end if; end P; which is not syntactically legal. Legacy Switches ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Some switches have a short form, mostly for legacy reasons, as shown below. .. index:: -n (gnatpp) :switch:`-nD` :switch:`--name-case-as-declared` :switch:`-nU` :switch:`--name-upper-case` :switch:`-nL` :switch:`--name-lower-case` :switch:`-nM` :switch:`--name-mixed-case` .. index:: -a (gnatpp) :switch:`-aL` :switch:`--attribute-lower-case` :switch:`-aU` :switch:`--attribute-upper-case` :switch:`-aM` :switch:`--attribute-mixed-case` .. index:: -k (gnatpp) :switch:`-kL` :switch:`--keyword-lower-case` :switch:`-kU` :switch:`--keyword-upper-case` .. index:: -ne (gnatpp) :switch:`-neD` :switch:`--enum-case-as-declared` :switch:`-neU` :switch:`--enum-upper-case` :switch:`-neL` :switch:`--enum-lower-case` :switch:`-neM` :switch:`--enum-mixed-case` .. index:: -nt (gnatpp) :switch:`-ntD` :switch:`--type-case-as-declared` :switch:`-ntU` :switch:`--type-upper-case` :switch:`-ntL` :switch:`--type-lower-case` :switch:`-ntM` :switch:`--type-mixed-case` :switch:`-nnU` :switch:`--number-upper-case` :switch:`-nnL` :switch:`--number-lower-case` :switch:`-nnM` :switch:`--number-mixed-case` .. index:: -p (gnatpp) :switch:`-pL` :switch:`--pragma-lower-case` :switch:`-pU` :switch:`--pragma-upper-case` :switch:`-pM` :switch:`--pragma-mixed-case` .. index:: -D (gnatpp) :switch:`-D{file}` :switch:`--dictionary={file}` .. index:: -D- (gnatpp) :switch:`-D-` :switch:`--dictionary=-` .. index:: -c (gnatpp) :switch:`-c0` :switch:`--comments-unchanged` :switch:`-c1` :switch:`--comments-gnat-indentation` :switch:`-c3` :switch:`--comments-gnat-beginning` :switch:`-c4` :switch:`--comments-fill` :switch:`-c5` :switch:`--comments-special` .. index:: -M (gnatpp) :switch:`-M{nnn}` :switch:`--max-line-length={nnn}` .. index:: -i (gnatpp) :switch:`-i{nnn}` :switch:`--indentation={nnn}` .. index:: -cl (gnatpp) :switch:`-cl{nnn}` :switch:`--indent-continuation={nnn}` .. index:: -pipe (gnatpp) :switch:`-pipe` :switch:`--pipe` .. index:: -o (gnatpp) :switch:`-o {output-file}` :switch:`--output={output-file}` .. index:: -of (gnatpp) :switch:`-of {output-file}` :switch:`--output-force={output-file}` .. index:: -r (gnatpp) :switch:`-rnb` :switch:`--replace` :switch:`-r` :switch:`--replace-backup` .. index:: -rf (gnatpp) :switch:`-rf` :switch:`--replace-force-backup` .. index:: -rnb (gnatpp) .. index:: --eol (gnatpp) .. index:: -W (gnatpp) :switch:`-W{e}` :switch:`--wide-character-encoding={e}` .. index:: -files (gnatpp) :switch:`-files {filename}` :switch:`--files={filename}` .. index:: -j (gnatpp) :switch:`-j{n}` :switch:`--jobs={n}` .. index:: -v (gnatpp) :switch:`-v` :switch:`--verbose` .. index:: -q (gnatpp) :switch:`-q` :switch:`--quiet` .. only:: PRO or GPL .. _The_Body_Stub_Generator_gnatstub: The Body Stub Generator *gnatstub* ================================== .. index:: ! gnatstub ``gnatstub`` creates empty but compilable bodies for library unit declarations, and empty but compilable subunits for body stubs. ``gnatstub`` is a project-aware tool. (See :ref:`Using_Project_Files_with_GNAT_Tools` for a description of the project-related switches but note that ``gnatstub`` does not support the :switch:`-U`, :switch:`-U {main_unit}`, :switch:`--subdirs={dir}`, or :switch:`--no-objects-dir` switches.) The project file package that can specify ``gnatstub`` switches is named ``gnatstub``. By default, all the program unit bodies generated by ``gnatstub`` raise ``Program_Error``, which will catch accidental calls of generated stubs. This behavior can be changed with option ``--no-exception`` (see below). .. _Running_gnatstub: Running ``gnatstub`` -------------------- ``gnatstub`` invocation has the following form: :: $ gnatstub [ switches ] {filename} where * *filename* is the name of the source file that contains a library unit declaration for which a body must be created or a library unit body for which subunits must be created for the body stubs declared in this body. The file name may contain path information. If the name does not follow GNAT file naming conventions and the set of switches does not contain a project file that defines naming conventions, the name of the body file must be provided explicitly as the value of the :switch:`--output={body-name}` option. If the file name follows the GNAT file naming conventions and the name of the body file is not provided, ``gnatstub`` takes the naming conventions for the generated source from the project file provided as a parameter of ``-P`` switch if any, or creates the name file to generate using the standard GNAT naming conventions. Note that it is no longer necessary to specify the Ada language version; ``gnatstub`` can process Ada source code written in any version from Ada 83 onward without specifying any language version switch. * *switches* is an optional sequence of switches as described in the next section .. _Switches_for_gnatstub: Switches for ``gnatstub`` ------------------------- .. index:: --version (gnatstub) :switch:`--version` Display copyright and version, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: --help (gnatstub) :switch:`--help` Display usage, then exit disregarding all other options. .. index:: -P (gnatstub) :switch:`-P {file}` Indicates the name of the project file that describes the set of sources to be processed. An aggregate project is allowed as the file parameter only if it has exactly one non-aggregate project being aggregated. .. index:: -X (gnatstub) :switch:`-X{name}={value}` Indicates that external variable ``name`` in the argument project has the value ``value``. Has no effect if no project is specified. .. index:: --RTS (gnatstub) :switch:`--RTS={rts-path}` Specifies the default location of the runtime library. Same meaning as the equivalent ``gnatmake`` flag (:ref:`Switches_for_gnatmake`). .. index:: --subunits (gnatstub) :switch:`--subunits` Generate subunits for body stubs. If this switch is specified, ``gnatstub`` expects a library unit body as an argument file; otherwise a library unit declaration is expected. If a body stub already has a corresponding subunit, ``gnatstub`` does not generate anything for it. .. index:: --force (gnatstub) :switch:`--force` If the destination directory already contains a file with the name of the body file for the argument spec file, replace it with the generated body stub. This switch cannot be used together with ``--subunits``. .. index:: --comment-header-spec (gnatstub) :switch:`--comment-header-spec` Put the comment header (i.e., all the comments preceding the compilation unit) from the source of the library unit declaration into the body stub. .. index:: --comment-header-sample (gnatstub) :switch:`--comment-header-sample` Put a sample comment header into the body stub. .. index:: --header-file (gnatstub) :switch:`--header-file={filename}` Use the content of the file as the comment header for a generated body stub. .. index:: --max-line-length (gnatstub) :switch:`--max-line-length={n}` (``n`` is a non-negative integer). Set the maximum line length for the output files. The default is 79. The maximum value that can be specified is 32767. .. index:: --indentation (gnatstub) :switch:`--indentation={n}` (``n`` is an integer from 1 to 9). Set the indentation level in the generated files to ``n``. The default indentation is 3. .. index:: --alphabetical-order (gnatstub) :switch:`--alphabetical-order` Order local bodies alphabetically. (By default local bodies are ordered in the same way as the corresponding local specs in the argument spec file.) .. index:: --no-exception (gnatstub) :switch:`--no-exception` Avoid raising Program_Error in the generated bodies of program unit stubs, except in the case of functions, where we have no value to return. .. index:: --no-local-header (gnatstub) :switch:`--no-local-header` Do not place local comment header with unit name before body stub for a unit. .. index:: --files (gnatstub) :switch:`--files={filename}` Take as arguments the files listed in text file ``file``. Text file ``file`` may contain empty lines that are ignored. Each nonempty line should contain the name of an existing file. Several such switches may be specified. .. index:: --output (gnatstub) :switch:`--output={body-name}` Body file name. This should be set if the argument file name does not follow the default GNAT file naming conventions, and the naming conventions are not specified by a project file. If this switch and ``-P`` are both omitted, the name for the body will be obtained according to the default GNAT file naming conventions. .. index:: --output-dir (gnatstub) :switch:`--output-dir={dir-name}` The directory in which to place the output files. If this switch is not set, the generated library unit body is placed in the current directory, and generated sununits in the directory where the argument body is located. .. index:: --wide-character-encoding (gnatstub) :switch:`--wide-character-encoding={e}` Specify the wide character encoding method for the input and output files. ``e`` is one of the following: * *8* - UTF-8 encoding * *b* - Brackets encoding (default value) .. index:: --quiet (gnatstub) .. index:: -q (gnatstub) :switch:`--quiet` / :switch:`-q` Quiet mode. .. index:: --verbose (gnatstub) .. index:: -v (gnatstub) :switch:`--verbose` / :switch:`-v` Verbose mode. Legacy Switches ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Some switches have a short form, mostly for legacy reasons, as shown below. .. index:: -M (gnatstub) :switch:`-gnatyM{nnn}` :switch:`--max-line-length={nnn}` .. index:: -i (gnatstub) :switch:`-i{nnn}` :switch:`--indentation={nnn}` .. index:: -gnaty (gnatstub) :switch:`-gnaty{nnn}` :switch:`--indentation={nnn}` .. index:: -f (gnatstub) :switch:`-f` :switch:`--force` .. index:: -gnatyo (gnatstub) :switch:`-gnatyo` :switch:`--alphabetical-order` .. index:: -hg (gnatstub) :switch:`-hg` :switch:`--comment-header-sample` .. index:: -hs (gnatstub) :switch:`-hs` :switch:`--comment-header-spec` .. index:: -o (gnatstub) :switch:`-o {output-file}` :switch:`--output={output-file}` .. index:: -dir (gnatstub) :switch:`-dir {dir-name}` :switch:`--output-dir={dir-name}` .. index:: -W (gnatstub) :switch:`-W{e}` :switch:`--wide-character-encoding={e}` .. index:: -files (gnatstub) :switch:`-files {filename}` :switch:`--files={filename}` .. only:: PRO or GPL .. _The_Backtrace_Symbolizer_gnatsymbolize: Translating Code Addresses into Source Locations with ``gnatsymbolize`` ======================================================================= .. index:: ! gnatsymbolize ``gnatsymbolize`` is a program which translates addresses into their corresponding filename, line number, and function names. Running ``gnatsymbolize`` ------------------------- :: $ gnatsymbolize [ switches ] filename [ addresses ] For instance, consider the following Ada program: .. code-block:: ada package Pck is Global_Val : Integer := 0; procedure Call_Me_First; end Pck; with GNAT.IO; use GNAT.IO; with GNAT.Traceback; use GNAT.Traceback; with GNAT.Debug_Utilities; package body Pck is procedure Call_Me_Third is TB : Tracebacks_Array (1 .. 5); TB_len : Natural; begin Global_Val := Global_Val + 1; Call_Chain (TB, TB_Len); for K in 1 .. TB_Len loop Put_Line (GNAT.Debug_Utilities.Image_C (TB (K))); end loop; end Call_Me_Third; procedure Call_Me_Second is begin Call_Me_Third; end Call_Me_Second; procedure Call_Me_First is begin Call_Me_Second; end Call_Me_First; end Pck; with Pck; use Pck; procedure Foo is begin Global_Val := 123; Call_Me_First; end Foo; This program, when built and run, prints a list of addresses which correspond to the traceback when inside function ``Call_Me_Third``. For instance, on x86_64 GNU/Linux: :: $ gnatmake -g -q foo.adb $ ./foo 0x0000000000402561 0x00000000004025EF 0x00000000004025FB 0x0000000000402611 0x00000000004024C7 ``gnatsymbolize`` can be used to translate those addresses into code locations as follow: :: $ gnatsymbolize foo 0x0000000000402561 0x00000000004025EF \ 0x00000000004025FB 0x0000000000402611 0x00000000004024C7 Pck.Call_Me_Third at pck.adb:12 Pck.Call_Me_Second at pck.adb:20 Pck.Call_Me_First at pck.adb:25 Foo at foo.adb:6 Main at b~foo.adb:184 Switches for ``gnatsymbolize`` ------------------------------ ``gnatsymbolize`` recognizes the following switches: .. index:: --help (gnatsymbolize) :switch:`--help` Display the program's usage, and then exit, disregarding all other options. :switch:`--cache` Read the symbolic information from the executable and cache them in memory in order to accelerate the translation of each address into a symbolic location. Depending on the size of the executable and the number of addresses to translate, this may not always make ``gnatsymbolize`` faster overall. :switch:`--dump` If :switch:`--cache` is used, dump the contents of the cache on Standard Output. Has no effect otherwise. :switch:`--count={N}` Compute the symbolic traceback ``N`` times in a row. This option is mostly useful for measuring the performance of ``gnatsymbolize``, particularly in the case where the cache is being used. :switch:`--load` Interpret the first address as the load address of the executable. This is needed for position-independent executables on Windows. Requirements for Correct Operation ---------------------------------- The translation is performed by reading the DWARF debugging information produced by the compiler for each unit. All units for which the translation is to be done must therefore be compiled such that DWARF debugging information is produced. In most cases, this is done by simply compiling with ``-g``. This program provides a functionality similar to ``addr2line``. It has fewer options to tailor its output, but has been designed to require fewer of the DWARF sections to be present in the executable. In particular, it works for code compiled with ``-g1``. .. only:: PRO or GPL .. _Using_Project_Files_with_GNAT_Tools: Using Project Files with GNAT Tools =================================== This section describes how project files can be used in conjunction with a number of GNAT tools. For a comprehensive description of project files and the overall GNAT Project Manager facility, please refer to the *GNAT Project Manager* chapter in the *GPRbuild and GPR Companion Tools User's Guide*. .. index:: Project-aware tool If a tool can take a project file as an option and extract the needed information, such a tool is called a *project-aware* tool. .. _Switches_Related_to_Project_Files: Switches Related to Project Files --------------------------------- The following switches are used by the project-aware GNAT tools: :switch:`-P{project_file}` Indicates the name of the project file whose source files are to be processed. The exact set of sources depends on other options specified, see below. :switch:`-U` If a project file is supplied, say for project ``proj``, but no sources are specified for ``proj`` (either by a project attribute or through a tool option that provides a list of the files to be used), process all the source files from projects imported either directly or indirectly by ``proj``. Otherwise this option has no effect. :switch:`-U {source_file}` Similar to :switch:`-U`, but if no sources are specified then process only those source files for units in the closure of the Ada source contained in ``source_file``. Note that this option expects the source file name but not the Ada unit name as its parameter. :switch:`-X{name}={val}` Indicates that the external variable ``name`` in the project has the value ``val``. Has no effect if no project has been specified. :switch:`--subdirs={dir}` Use the ``dir`` subdirectory of the project's object directory (or the ``dir`` subdirectory of the project file directory if the project does not specify an object directory) for tool output files. Has no effect if no project has been specified or if :switch:`--no-objects-dir` is specified. :switch:`--no-objects-dir` Place all the result files into the current directory (i.e., the directory from which the tool invocation command is issued) instead of the project's object directory. Has no effect if no project has been specified. :switch:`-eL` Follow all symbolic links when processing project files. If a project file is specified and there is neither a :switch:`-U` option, nor a :switch:`-U {main_unit}` option, nor some other explicit option to specify the source files, then the sources to be processed are the immediate sources of the specified project (i.e., the source files directly defined by that project, either implicitly by residing in the project source directories, or explicitly through any of the source-related attributes). .. _Tool-specific_packages_in_project files: Tool-specific packages in project files --------------------------------------- Each project-aware tool may have a corresponding package in a project file; the package names are given elsewhere in this manual, in the sections that describe the respective tools. A tool-specific package in a project file may define the ``Default_Switches`` attribute indexed by "ada" (as language name). The value of this attribute is a list of switches that will be supplied at tool invocation. Project-specific switches cannot be specified through this attribute.